How to Do Echo for Noninvasive Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit : A Consensus Statement of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging

POCUSHemodynamicVeXus
Written By Frédéric Caruso

Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) require continuous hemodynamic monitoring to guide therapeutic decisions and prevent clinical deterioration. Echocardiography has emerged as a cornerstone for noninvasive hemodynamic assessment, offering real‑time, bedside evaluation of key parameters such as venous congestion, pulmonary pressures, left atrial pressure (LAP), systemic vascular resistances, cardiac output, and ventricular–arterial coupling. 

Reference

Thanks to the authors.

Frédéric Caruso
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Ultrasound indicators of organ venous congestion : a narrative review